Biochar mitigates the biotoxicity of heavy metals in livestock manure during composting

Abstract The addition of biochar could mitigate the bioavailability heavy metals during livestock manure composting. However, main action mechanism biochar, such as how it worked, was ambiguous. Therefore, in this study, materials (biochar, alkali modified pretreated cotton ball) were added by embedding with nylon mesh bags to explore adsorption performance and its influence on composting process. results showed that embedded promoted formation humic acid reduced distribution proportion bioavailable fraction (Cu: at least 15.72%; Zn: 33.44%). surface extracted from contained attachments, however, attachment metal not detected functional groups did no change significantly. This indicated directly adsorb metals. Most notably, microbial network changed after materials, succession community acid. Ultimately, structural equation models verified through stable groups, thereby accelerating passivation study provides theoretical technical supports for mitigating biotoxicity Graphical